Displaced Persons & Assisted Immigration

Cross-section of the Snowy Mountains Hydro Electric Scheme, Powerhouse Museum Collection The building of the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme was a pivotal event in Australia’s history. Not only did it create one of the engineering wonders of the modern world, … Continue reading

Completion of the Snowy Hydro-Electric Scheme

Island Bend Dam, Courtesy National Archives Australia On its completion in 1974 the Snowy Hydro-Electric Scheme had employed over one hundred thousand. In harsh and dangerous conditions, they built a new future for themselves and for the nation. Many families … Continue reading

The scheme's workforce was highly unionised and well paid. The union demanded that migrant workers receive award rates and conditions, however this did not help some migrants who found their skills were not recognised. Powerhouse Museum Collection.
The Workers

Snowy Mountains Authority Workers. Courtesy National Archives of Australia Karl Rieck was recruited in Germany by the Snowy Mountains Authority. Despite his Carpenter’s Guild membership, he had to pass a Snowy Mountains Authority carpentry test by making wooden louvers. When … Continue reading

Building The ‘Snowy’

The Scheme’s Control Room, c.1960s. Courtesy State Library of New South Wales. In 1949 many migrants with engineering or construction skills and experience in working alpine conditions were targeted for the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme. Dams, power stations and tunnels … Continue reading

Education kits

There are supporting primary and secondary education kits available from the Museum of the Riverina website. Through this exhibition and education kits students will discover a variety of aspects of the Chinese Australian migrant experience including work, leisure, family life, … Continue reading

Credits

Executive Producers John Petersen, NSW Migration Heritage Centre and Madeleine Scully, Museum of the Riverina Historical research, Dr Barry McGowan Exhibition curators, Dr Barry McGowan & Genevieve Mott, Museum of the Riverina Web production and design Annette Loudon based on … Continue reading

Introduction

  Willie Ah Poy and children Walter, Ruby In the mid to late nineteenth century a combination of powerful push and pull factors led to an unprecedented rise in Chinese migration to other parts of Asia, the Americas and Australia. … Continue reading

From the collection of Betty and Bob Menzies
Families, friendship & influence

Despite the racial tensions of the late nineteenth century many Chinese people won a measure of acceptance and respectability in the eyes of white Australia, contributing to charities and corporate life, and in turn inviting Europeans to ceremonies such as … Continue reading

White Australia policy: Transnational lives

Ah Du, Certificate of Domicile, 1903, Wagga The Immigration Restriction Act 1901, and the introduction of the White Australia Policy, had its basis in the earlier colonial immigration restrictions, a resurgent Japan, perceptions of unfair economic competition, and an underlying … Continue reading

Camp life, leisure & food

Camp life Narrandera resident and huts in the aftermath of a devastating fire, 1897 Much of the predominantly male Chinese population in the Riverina lived in self-contained camps, located on the fringe of the main towns and close to the … Continue reading

Prejudice & discrimination

Monster meeting of miners, Temora, 1883 The Chinese were not always welcome in Australia and were constantly reminded of their allegedly inferior status. The most commonly cited acts of discrimination and prejudice against the Chinese in Australia were the Lambing … Continue reading

Work

From gold to Pastoral labourers Ringbarking camp, near Deniliquin The first Chinese people to arrive in Australia in any number came as indentured labourers in 1847, and worked primarily on pastoral properties. It was not until the 1851 gold rushes, … Continue reading

Beliefs fraternities & factions

The Chinese migrants brought their traditions, beliefs and clan linkages with them. Those arriving on the ‘credit-ticket system’ were monitored by headmen or bosses, in association with fraternal organisations such as native-place associations and hui or secret societies. An extensive … Continue reading

Enemy At Home Credits

Original concept, curator and project management Stephen Thompson Web concept, design and programming Annette Loudon based on the exhibition design by Cathy Osborne Historic Houses Trust liaison Beth Hise & Bob Whight © 2011 Migration Heritage Centre: Powerhouse Museum Bookmark … Continue reading

Enemy At Home Publication

The Enemy at Home: German internees in WWI Australia Nadine Helmi and Gerhard Fischer When nearly 7,000 people of German and Austrian descent were detained in Australian during World War I, talented Bavarian photographer Paul Dubotzki was among them. These … Continue reading

Enemy At Home Links

» Germantowns, Germanstories » The Effects of the First World War on Australia’s German-speakers » German Australian » World War I » Objects Through Time – Internment » The Enemy at Home exhibition next » Bookmark on DeliciousRecommend on FacebookShare … Continue reading

Map of Enemy at Home

List of internment camps that are currently visibly on map (this changes as you zoom in and out) : Bookmark on DeliciousRecommend on FacebookShare with StumblersTweet about it

Statements of Significance for objects

Links to Objects Through Time Statements of Significance: » Holsworthy Collection » Berrima Collection » Trial Bay Collection » Jindera Collections » Temora Collections » Museum of the Riverina Collection next » Bookmark on DeliciousRecommend on FacebookShare with StumblersTweet about … Continue reading

Enemy At Home Education Resources

Case of the Enemy Aliens – Secondary education kit Teacher’s guide for Stages 4 and 5 of the New South Wales History syllabus More info »   Zivil Lager (PDF) Download the Trial Bay Gaol internment Camp history booklet. download … Continue reading

Further reading

Fisher, G. Enemy Aliens: Internment and The Homefront Experience in Australia, 1914-1920. Queensland, 1989. Harmstorf, I & Cigler, M. The Germans in Australia, Melbourne. 1985. McKernan, M. The Australian People and the Great War, Sydney, 1984. Meyer, C. A History … Continue reading

The Aftermath

The Enemy at Home experience of the German Australian Community is interesting as the first Germans came to the colonies on the First Fleet, and by 1900 they were the fourth-largest European ethnic group in all the colonies, behind the … Continue reading

Holsworthy Internment Camp

Liverpool Internment Camp 1914 – 1918 post card. Dubotzki collection, Germany. Holsworthy Internment Camp, c.1915. Dubotzki collection, Germany The largest internment camp in Australia during World War One was at Holsworthy, near Liverpool on the outskirts of Sydney. The camp … Continue reading

Berrima Internment Camp

Kriegsgefangenen- Lager Berrima, Drawn by Menke 28th September 1917. Dubotzki collection, Germany Berrima roll call, April 1916. Dubotzki collection, Germany Internees at Moss Vale Railway Station March, 1915. Courtesy of the Berrima District Museum In March 1915 the first group … Continue reading